About Vygotsky

LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY (1896-1934)

He is a preeminent figure in the field of 20th century education, and his impact continues to resonate. His seminal work on Social Cognition is based on his theory that learning is, at its core, a largely a socially-mediated activity, and that real learning takes place in one's "Zone of Proximal Development."
Social Cognition (Social Development Theory)
Vygotsky is credited with developing the concept of Social Cognition (aka Social Development Theory of Learning), which proposes that:
· Social Interaction has a dramatic impact on cognitive development;
· Biological and social development are not isolated from one another (contrasting the work of Jean Piaget);
· Learning is largely mediated by social interaction of students and "More Knowledgable Others" (teachers, parents, coaches, peers, experts, etc.)(Driscoll, 1994)
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Vygotsky centered much of his research on a phenomenon he coined as "the Zone of Proximal Development," or ZPD. According to Vygotsky, the ZPD:
"is the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers." (Vygotsky, 1978)
More simply put, the ZPD is the gap between what a learner can accomplish independently and what a learner cannot do, even with assistance. That which a learner can do independently is said to be contained within one's "Zone of Current Development," or ZCD. A more capable peer or teacher, aka a "More Knowledgable Other," or MKO, may help a learner accomplish tasks that may be in one's ZPD.

Vygotsky (1978) believed that "what the child [or learner] is able to do in collaboration today, he will be able to do independently tomorrow." Tharp & Gallimore (1988) describe the ZPD as a four-stage process.
- Rajashree

INPUT DEVICES

DEFINITION:
• INPUT DEVICES are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images and actions that people understand into a form that the system unit can process.
• Often input devices are under direct control by human user who uses them to communicate commands or other information to be processed by the computer, which may then transmit feedback to the user through an output device. The common input devices include
• keyboard
• mouse etc.


TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES:
• Typing input devices
• Pointing input devices
• Direct input devices
• Audiovisual input devices.

TYPING INPUT DEVICES:
KEYBOARD
• The main input device for most computer systems is the keyboard.
• It helps you to type data and computer instructions into the computer system.
• Keyboards convert numbers, letters ,and special characters that people understand into electrical signals.
• Most standard keyboards have four basic components
– A typing keypad
– function keys
– a numeric keypad
– and editing keys.

POINTING DEVICE:
MOUSE:
• Another type of input device is a pointing device.
• The most common pointing device is a mouse.
• The mouse allows you to control more easily a pointer on the screen, rather than just using the arrow keys on the keyboard.
• The mouse is also used to select command options and to control information displayed on the monitor.

posted by:

Mansi.

about me

hieeeeeeeee............my name is mansi.i have my friend accompanying me with this.hername is rajashree.we are classmates.both of us are doing our masters in educational technology.